Objective To understand the knowledge prepared for health examination among urban and rural residents so as to provide high quality service in health examination.

In this article,firstly,the author will analyze the dominant function of culture-oriented fourist guides,summarize with the combination of man,nature and culture;at last,a brief research on the knowledge preparations of the touist guide is offered.

This thesissets out to discuss the nature of reading and the characteristics of informational texts,and then identifiesprior knowledge deficiency as a major cause for failure to comprehend informational texts.

From following four inner factors of student which influence strategy use, the paper analyses the reasons of the production of "utilization deficiency" of learning strategy: prior knowledge, attributions, self-efficacy and cognitive monitoring.

After that,we systematically reviews the research on opportunity discovery patterns,and then we summarize the influence of opportunity discovery patterns on the newness of opportunity as well as the moderating role of prior knowledge,which aim to show the direction for entrepreneurship research and real practice in this field.