An effective method of gross error detection in combined framework of triangulation and tlilateration;

Detecting and Removing Gross Error of Map Digitization Based on Wavelet Transform;

The detection and correction of gross error in observed value for Kalman filter;

Detection of multiple gross errors based on variance inflation model;

If the observe-value is gross errors,then it will distort the correctness of fruit and will not to gain the analysed fruit out of shape.

Based on the principle of equivalent weights, robust estimation theory is effectively combined with least square method, and efficiently eliminates the influence of gross errors.

Outlier Detection with Eigenvalue Criterion in Linear Regression and Its Application;

Fictitious Observation Equation and its Application in Outlier Detecting;

Based on the above research, the approach of outlier detecting and locating with the closing errors of condition equations was given.

After analyzing the influence of the outliers on parameters in the GPS observations,we conducted an adjustment compensation method in detail,that is,the extra-parameters were added in the observation equation when the outliers in the GPS observations were found by means of the hypothesis testing based on the standardized residual.

It is a difficult to determine the position in fast GPS positioning because of containing the outliers in observation data and the lack of enough observation information to make the design array be in partial ill-condition.

The parameter estimation problem in linear model is considered when multicollinearity and outliers exist simultaneously.

Give an adjustment method of multitude original observed values on a test for the blunder of the observed value.

Also introduced is controlling of blunders.

The effect of the blunder on the free station is analyzed in this poper.

A simply principle of distinguish gross errors from data was introduced.

This paper first makes a brief presentation of gross errors in measured data.