At first the acid chemical plating of Cu is employed to fabricate the copper seed layer on TiN barrier,and then the alkaline chemical plating of Cu is followed to achieve Cu films.

3) ceramic target containing 10% excess Pb on PZT(seed layer)/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates.

The recent development and challenges of 100nm technology in barriers and seed layers,low-k dielectric,metrology and lithography are reviewed.

Study on the growth habit and optical property of DKDP crystal grown by different seed

Microstructural evolution during directional solidification(DS)of Ti-47Al alloy grown from Ti-43Al-3Si seed was studied.

The evolution of solid/liquid interface during single crystal superalloy growth by seeding technique was investigated.

AlOOH nanometer powders were prepared from Al(NO_3)_3·9H_2O and ammonia by adding seeds through hydrothermal method.

The effect of α-Al2O3 seeds (-150nm) on the phase transformation and micrograph of alumina was studied.

In the present dissertation,the study is on fabricating high quality hydrothermal ZnO crystals,is on influences on crystal s appearances and quality under growing conditions of spontaneous crystallizations,is on manufacturing autoclave with lining for growing large size ZnO crystals,is on crystal s quality under varied growing conditions with seeds.

TiAl Seed Preparation & Fully Lamellar Structure Control Through Seeding and Directional Solidification;

Milling process, α-Al_2O_3 seeding, and some additives such as TiO_2, MgO, NH_4NO_3, etc, were usually adopted to decrease the α-phase transformation temperature, leading to producing ultrafined and agglomeration-free alumina powder.

Then, we utilized the additives of α -AL_2O_3 powder seeding, alumina sol seeding, TiO_2-sol , ammonium nitrate , and high-energy ball milling on the precursors to investigate these factors'.

Natural diamond with seed crystal is discovered for the first time in Hunan Province by the study of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction topography.