LONDON－England's Football Association was guilty of inexcusable "institutional failings" in delaying the implementation of child-safeguarding measures between 1995 and 2000, an independent review of historical sexual abuse has found.

The review said high-profile convictions－including one for serial abuser Barry Bennell in the United States in 1995－should have served as the catalyst for change.

It took another five years for the FA to put adequate processes in place.

"The FA acted far too slowly to introduce appropriate and sufficient child-protection measures, and to ensure that safeguarding was taken sufficiently seriously by those involved in the game," said the report, which was published on Wednesday.

"These are significant institutional failings for which there is no excuse. During this period, the FA did not do enough to keep children safe."

FA chief executive Mark Bullingham issued an apology to all of the survivors of sexual abuse.

The report said there were failings even after 2000.

It cited the fact that no measures were put in place to stop Bennell, who had worked as a youth coach affiliated to Manchester City, Crewe Alexandra and Stoke City, from returning to soccer after his release from prison in 2003.

Bennell was sentenced to 31 years in prison in 2018 for 50 counts of child abuse against 12 boys aged 8 to 15 between 1979 and 1991.

Judge Clement Goldstone described Bennell as "the devil incarnate" and he was sentenced to a further four years last year.

The FA was also criticized for failing to look again at allegations against Southampton and Peterborough United youth coach Bob Higgins when the standard of proof in disciplinary cases was lowered in 2003.

Higgins was sentenced to 24 years in prison in 2019 after being found guilty of 46 counts of indecent assault against 24 people between 1971 and 1996.

The review, commissioned by the FA in 2016 and led by barrister Clive Sheldon, also looked at how the FA and individuals at clubs with links to suspected or convicted abusers dealt with reports of abuse.

It stated that, in some cases, "clubs acted too slowly, or inappropriately" in response to such reports.

In all, the review, which focused on the period between 1970 and 2005, said that data passed to it in 2020 had identified 240 suspects and 692 survivors.

Sheldon believes the actual number who were abused but had not come forward to report it was far higher, but concluded that abuse was "not commonplace" and that the "overwhelming majority" of children were able to engage with soccer safely.

The review makes 13 recommendations for the FA to improve safeguarding, including the employment of safeguarding officers at all 92 professional clubs in England.

"Understanding and acknowledging the appalling abuse suffered by young players in the period covered by the review is important for its own sake," said Sheldon.

"As well as recognizing and facing up to what happened in the past, it is also important that this terrible history is not repeated, and that everything possible is done to safeguard the current and future generations of young players."

The FA's Bullingham added:"There's a famous quote that says:'For evil to flourish simply requires that good people do nothing.' There are too many examples of that throughout this report. There is no excuse."

AFP