1.
An analysis of Whether the Penalty can be Used Simultaneously with Compensation;
论违约金是否能与赔偿损失并用——兼谈违约金的性质
2.
Recognition on the Nature and Regulated Management of Fines for Overdue Returning Books Payment from the Angle of Civil Legal Relationship
从民事法律关系角度认识书刊借阅逾期违约金的性质及其规范化管理
3.
A Comparative Analysis on the Liquidated Damages Rules of Different Countries;
各国合同立法中违约金性质的比较分析
4.
The property of deposit is assure of the contract conclude or fulfill, because buy room person beak a contract, development business has authority not to return deposit.
定金的性质为担保合同的订立或履行，因购房人违约，开发商有权不退还定金。
5.
compensation for default loss reserve
违约损失准备金的补偿
6.
If the parties prescribed payment of both liquidated damages and a deposit, in case of breach by a party, the other party may elect in alternative to apply the liquidated damages clause or the deposit clause.
当事人既约定违约金，又约定定金的，一方违约时，对方可以选择适用违约金或者定金条款。
7.
The Breach of contract damages as stipulated in the contract shall be regarded as compensation for the losses resulting from Breach of contract.
合同中约定的违约金,视为违反合同的损失赔偿。
8.
On the Nature of Breach-of-Marriage-Promise Action;
论违反婚约的损害赔偿之债的法律性质
9.
Stipulatio poenae
罚金（违约金）要式口约
10.
"In addition, the breaching party shall pay to the other party a fine, which shall account for 15% of the total amount involved."
此外,违约方须向另一方支付一笔罚金,其金额占违约金额的15%。
11.
Where the parties prescribed liquidated damages for delayed performance, the breaching party shall, in addition to payment of the liquidated damages, render performance.
当事人就迟延履行约定违约金的，违约方支付违约金后，还应当履行债务。
12.
The Pricing of Defaultable Securities with Counterparty Risk
对手违约存在相关性的可违约债券的定价
13.
A Study on the Sensitivity of Default Risk Model to Default Definitions;
违约风险模型对违约定义的敏感性研究
14.
China penalty responsibiltiy’s forming in contract law and penalty adjustment research
我国合同法中违约金责任的成立及违约金的调整研究
15.
The Understanding and Application of Some Basic Problems on Penalty--Concurrently Discuss on the Regulations of Penalty, Art. 114 in Contract Law;
违约金基本问题的理解和适用——兼论《合同法》第114条违约金之规定
16.
Concurrence and Application of the Liability Forms for the Breach of Contract between Earnest Money,Damage Compensation and Contractual Fine;
试论违约责任中定金、违约金、赔偿损失的竞合与适用
17.
If the breach of contract has already caused the other party to suffer losses that exceed the amount of the damages, the breaching party shall make compensation for the amount exceeding the breach of contract damages.
如果由于违约已给对方造成的损失超过违约金的，还应进行赔偿，补偿违约金不足的部分。
18.
The parties may prescribe that if one party breaches the contract, it will pay a certain sum of liquidated damages to the other party in light of the degree of breach,
当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金，