"The doctrine of exhaustion of remedies" is widely deemed as a threshold requirement to initiate a constitutional review,which,in a centralized review,mainly applies to constitutional complaint procedures,and in a decentralized one,tends to apply in the form of "exhaustion of administrative remedies.

Singularity detection starting element algorithm based on wavelet transform modulus sum

The traveling-wave based starting element is absolutely necessary for transient based ultra-high-speed protection.

One basic requirement to starting element of relay protection is that it has high sensitivity and can reflect all kinds of faults.

In this paper, the pickup units of transmission line relaying are analysed, the improving scheme of micro processor - based protection is put forward.

Some questions about the pickup unit in condition of the internal fault of electronic instrument transformer and the interface between electronic instrument transformer and protection equipment are presented.