The paper goes on to propose establishing an old-age subsidy for urban and rural residents without income security,improving basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees in urban areas,reforming the superannuation schemes of government organizations and public institutions,and setting up rural old-age insurance.

We should pay more attention to the crucial groups including the households that practice family planning by having only one child or two girls,the oldest,and the house-holds with no children and concentrate on some new policy instruments like old-age allowances,micro-insurance and tax-free saving plans for old-age.

This paper studies the establishment of the Canadian pension system,the sharp argument of the pension to the policy of retrenchment,the defeat of realizing universal covering,the sinking and rising of the aged allowance programme,the political negotiation-the ref.