The ecological difference and activating characteristic of ineffective phosphorus of 608 accessions core collection (including 548 accessions landrace and 60 improved varieties) from 5 rice regions and 16 prefectures in Yunnan Province were evaluated when planted in P-deficient (effective P: 0.

chenggiana populations, the size characters of cones and seeds and geographical variation in different environments were studied.

The relationship between geographic variation among the echolocation calls and the body size, the local environmental factors, the geographical distance, the individual differences were analyzed by pearson correlation analysis, step linear regression, mantel test, nested analysis of variance for each echolocation parameter, respectively.