Various methods such as small-angle X-ray diffraction,2HNMR spectra,Raman spectra,polarizing texture and rheometer et al were used to identify the type of liquid crystals.

That the ionic signal produced during ignition and combustion chiefly processes ignition, front-flame and post-flame combustion stages is introduced by simultaneously detecting both the signal and the pressure in a constant volume combustion bomb, and by comparing the schlieren pictures taken via a high-speed camera with correspondent ionic signal in combustion process.

With the rapidly growing popularity of digital still cameras,there are increasing demands for photo management technology.

On the theoretical basis of the particle system with an investigation of various new research results and application methods in recent year,this paper presents an efficient flame simulation method based on the texture slice.

On the bases of the particles system and compared with the new research results which come from the application methods in recent years;a fast smoke simulation method based on the texture slice is presented.