However,this system led to the redundant officials selected,which caused corruption of local officials\' administration,and influenced imperial ruling and people\'s life.

With the increasing quantity of the government officials, the national public financial expenditure augmented as well since the middle Ming Dynasty, hence reducing the redundant officials became the continuously topic for discussion in the national political life.

Study on redundancy method of FC topology in avionic system;

A directed hypergraph-based algorithm for detecting redundancy and circularity in rule base;

Measured Data s Pretreatment of Redundancy System of Multiple Inertial Instrument;