Damage equivalent stresses in the matrix and particle were calculated on basis of damage theory.

The natUreof stress damage failure of beams is discussed in details.

In order to resolve the problem that the damage value under two level loads isn t equal to one, a cumulative nonlinear damage model and its math formula for fatigue are put forward by using the usual cumula- tive damage theories, avoiding the equivalent damage and considering the effect on material for load sequence, domanial latent damage and damage s uneven character.

For three kinds of materials, a family of equivalent damage curve was measured on various stress levels using toughness degradation fatigue tests by fixing a group of cyclic numbers.

The theory of equivalent damage was used to make conversion from the loading frequencies of old base course before overlay to that after overlay.

Based on the fatigue and rutting tests of asphalt mixture, the principle of equivalent damage and weather data of Shanxi Province, the paper calculates the fatigue and rut effective temperature of asphalt mixture for typical regions in Shanxi, and makes a reference for asphalt pavement design.

Considering the components whose service life accords with the Weibull distribution,the dependent failure of a parallel system comprising two components is analyzed to propose a method to transform the dependent failure into equivalent damage,thus analyzing further the dependent failure.

Evaluation of the damaging effect of NaCl on Phanerochaete chrysosporium with amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP ) analysis;

The AFLP analysis was carried out in order to evaluate the DNA damaging effects of dyestuff of different concentrations on Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

The damaging effects of reactive brilliant red X-3B RBR X-3B and salt concentration on the cells of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were studied by transmission electron microscope.

Based on Hamilton s principle,the higher-order shear deformation plate theory,von Krmn type geometrically nonlinear strain-displacement relations and the strain energy equivalence theory,considering the mass and stiffness of the piezoelectric layers and the damage effect of the composite layers,the nonlinear dynamic equations of the piezoelectric smart laminated plates with damage are derived.

The resuilts indicated that EMS could induce chromosomal aberration of root tip cell and different damage effect of seedling ratio,seedling height,root length,root number and peroxidase activity.

Based on the equivalent strain theory,the high-order shear deformation theory and the Hamilton variation principle,considering the damage effect of the composite laminated layers,the dynamic equations of the piezoelastic laminated plates with damage are derived.