Numerical analyses are conducted for combined free and forced laminar convection in the thermal entrance region of inclined pipes with buoyancy-aided flow.

Free convection effects on laminar forced convective heat transfer have been investigated for airflow in the thermal entrance region of a horizontal pipe.

On the ground of general control equations, by paying attention to heat transfer characteristics in thermal entrance region and optimizing relations which affect the heat transfer, such as ones for velocity fields , eddy diffusivities for heat and momentum transfer, the present authors established a calculation model easy to be solved with the help of computer program.

Wall shear stress in entrance region in horizontal air-water bubbly flow;

Numerical simulation of irreversibility due to forced convection in entrance region of duct;

First order slip velocity and jump temperature boundary conditions are employed to deter- mine the developing flow and heat transfer in the entrance region of a microtube.