From the inscriptions on this single Buddha and eight Bodhisattvas,we discover when we compare it to the Tang Dynasty translation by Amoghavajra(Bukong) of the Mandala Sutra of the Eight Bodhisattvas that there are differences in the descriptions of the Bodhisattvas in that text with the eight Bodhisattvas depicted in Cave Number 25 at Yulin.

Androgyne, Rebirth, Mandala;

Meantime,the authors explain the whole city pattern implies the Mandala model of Tibetan Buddhism by researching Tibetan Buddhism in early Qing Dynasty and by comparing with the Sangye Temple that constructed according to the Tibetan Buddhism philosophy.

Although it originated from the Mandala of ancient India,the spatial pattern of Angkor is in its own characteristic.

Yaeko Momota and Her Emotion and Sentiment in Chinese Passing-down Mandala

The Disease Panic Behind Book of New Buddha and Book of Good Behaviors—On The Five Main Diseases in Tang and The Five Dynasties;