Nowadays,ion beam implantation technique has been applied to many research fields of theory and application,such as organism improvement,life origin and evolution,radiobiological effect of the environment.

After over 10 years ofdevelopment,it hasseen significant achievementsin many fieldssuch as muta tion breeding ,plant gene transfer,life origin and evolution ,environmental radiation and human health .

The research on evolutionary origin of apicoplast is a topic of longterm intense debate,by far,hasn t still reached congruent conclusion though a variety of molecular technologies were employed,so that it become a typical case in plastid origin field.

In order to reveal the genetic diversity of Zea mays sinesis in the Southwest of China and accumulate some experimental data for the study on the origin and evolution of Zea mays sinesis, nine Zea mays sinesis populations and five Zea mays indurata populations were studied.