1) transitional crisis
转型危机
1.
While those reforms brought about some significant changes in political institutions and process,promoted the transition from Japanese model,they have had many unexpected consequences and created transitional crisis,such as political instability,policy distortion,bureaucratic decline and decay,and confusions in the relation between politicians and bureaucrats.
与此同时,原有模式的一些特征依然残存,新旧模式转换过程中矛盾和摩擦大量出现,模式转型危机重重,具体包括政治不稳、政局动荡、政策多变、官僚体制衰败、官僚素质下降及政官关系混乱。
2) crisis transfer
危机转嫁
1.
A research on crisis transfer in international trade;
论国际贸易中的危机转嫁
4) crisis export
转嫁危机
5) School Large-Scale Crisis
大型危机
6) School Small-scale Crisis
小型危机
补充资料:税负转嫁
税负转嫁 tax burden,exchange of 纳税人将其应缴纳的税款,通过某种途径转给他人负担的过程。它是市场竞争机制下国家课税的必然现象。税负转嫁的数额、时间以及转嫁能否成功,取决于多种因素,如课税商品的供需弹性;社会各阶级、阶层、集团的经济地位;应税商品的范围及可替代程度,以及生产和消费的调整时间长短等。税负转嫁可以采取多种方式,西方学者一般归纳为前转、后转、旁转、消转和散转5种。 |
说明:补充资料仅用于学习参考,请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条