1) backward-forward linkages
前向—后向关联
1.
The results reveal that backward-forward linkages, industrial diversity,competition and population are statistically significant indicators.
回归结果显示:前向—后向关联指数、产业间集聚指数、竞争性指数和人口指数对于一个地区产业集聚和产业发展有显著影响;没有发现产业内集聚指标的显著影响。
2) forward and backward linkage
前向、后向关联
3) backward linkage
后向关联
1.
Study the Government Specific Measures to Create Backward Linkages in Transnational Corporation;
跨国公司建立后向关联中的东道国政府行为研究
2.
A Study on Pomoting Backward Linkage between Foreign Affiliates and Hebei Enterprises;
促进跨国公司子公司与河北省企业建立后向关联的研究
3.
The Study on Impact Mechanism of Backward Linkages to Local Enterprises' Innovation Capability of FDI
FDI后向关联对本土企业创新能力影响机制研究
4) Backward linkages
后向关联
1.
The policies choice by host country to promoting backward linkages in international investment;
论国际投资中东道国后向关联促进政策的选择
2.
This paper, based on a survey on multinationals in Beijing,tries to analysis the extend of backward linkages through investigating the purchasing sources,the choosing criteria,etc.
跨国公司进入东道国后从当地厂商处采购成品生产制造所需的原材料、零部件或各种服务,即产生了后向关联。
3.
In contrast to earlier literature,which focused on intra-industry spillovers from FDI,this study aims to investigate technology spillovers operating through backward linkages.
FDI技术溢出特别是在行业内溢出的现象在国内外得到了广泛深入研究,随着生产环节在全球范围内片段化分布和跨国公司全球化采购的趋势演进,如何利用FDI通过产业关联发生的溢出效应和对FDI通过后向关联的技术溢出进行专门研究显得非常必要。
5) forward linkage
前向关联
1.
In studying the interrelationship between sectors,forward linkage and backward linkage of Input-output analysis are generally used,while the result is the direct or complete relationship between one section and another,and the production chains linkage of multiple sectors are not highlighted.
利用投入产出技术的前向关联和后向关联方法可以分析某一部门与其它部门的直接或完全联系(或影响),却没有突出多个部门间的生产链联系。
6) forward and backward effect
前后向美联
补充资料：前向
1.亦作"前乡"。朝着前面。 2.亦作"前项"﹑"前向"。前些天﹐前些时候。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条