Recent progress in internalization mechanism of protein transduction domain;

The cationic 11-amino acid fragment derived from human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) tat protein, termed TAT protein transduction domain, has proven to be an invaluable tool to deliver a wide variety of macromolecules across the plasma membrane and into intact tissues.

Through the medium of protein transduction domain(PTD) composed by a small number of alkaline peptides, the functional proteins linked covalently with DNA, peptides, proteins or other macromolecules can across the membranes of mammalian cells, even the blood-brain barrier and transfer unconventionally that isn t like classical pathway.

Aim:To observe the protective effects of protein transduction domain-kallikrein(PTD-kallikrein)on neurons incubated in condition of oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)/recovery,and to explore the protective mechanism.

Protein transduction or protein therapy, as an important approach of disease therapy, is achieved through linking exogenous therapeutic proteins to the fragment of amino acid, termed as protein transduction domain, using the expression vector or chemical cross-linking method.

AIM: To introduce hepatitis B virus(HBV)targeted ribonu-clease into hepatocytes by using human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein transduction domain (HIV-TatPTD).