1) Self-Westernization
洋务自强
2) foreign affairs
洋务
1.
His knowledge of international situations and experience in dealing with “foreign affairs” convinced him that what the foreign powers wanted in the first place was not war but “trade".
郭嵩焘曾入翰林 ,参加湘军 ,署理广东巡抚 ,充任兵部、礼部侍郎 ,且为清廷第一位放洋大臣 ,先后出使英、法 ,因而郭氏不仅曾办“洋务” ,亦且了解国际情形。
2.
It was true that the two are common in many ways,but there were still great differences between them,which lay in that Li had a better understanding of the foreign affairs and of the western techniques,that,though the two held the same views in diplomatic policies,their att.
这主要体现在 :在对洋务的认识 ,对西方“长技”的看法上 ,李鸿章更高一筹 ;在对外交涉上 ,曾李虽一脉相承 ,但二者的态度和出发点却不一样 ,李鸿章的主和比曾国藩的保和要积极得多 ;从个性和人格上看 ,曾国藩的人格有很强的魅力 ,而李鸿章是一个有才华而乏品性的人。
3) Marine province
海洋强省
4) Westernization Movement
洋务运动
1.
Analyse the New Schools in the Period of Westernization Movement;
简析洋务运动时期的新式学堂
2.
Ideological Debates during the Period of Westernization Movement and the Social Progress of Modern China;
洋务运动时期的思想论争与近代中国社会的进步
6) Westernization publication
洋务出版
1.
Modern private new-style publication gradually advanced depending upon the enhancement of external social forces and technological and economic power,which came 40 years later than foreign missionary publication and 10 years later than Westernization publication.
近代民营新式出版是在社会外力及技术、经济力量的促动下逐渐发展起来的,晚于教会出版40年,晚于洋务出版10多年。
补充资料：洋务
1.清末指与外国有关的政治﹑经济﹑外交﹑军事﹑文化等事务;亦指模仿外国上述方面的事务。 2.香港等地指以外国人为对象的服务行业。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条