2) Mechanism of formation and maintenace
形成与维持机制
3) keep-up costs
维持成本
1.
The keep-up costs of the institution are costs incurred by maintaining its operation, including both pure keep-up costs and preventive costs.
制度的维持成本则指实施该制度所引致的各种费用 ,包括纯粹的维持成本和防止成本。
4) maintenance and transformation
维持与变革
5) stimulation and retention
激发与维持
1.
In the light of Median s theory of achievement motive, and through the methods of documents, questionnaire, experiment comparison and mathematical statistics, the author makes a research into the stimulation and retention of the achievement motive in P.
运用麦克利兰的成就动机理论,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、实验对比法和数理统计的方法,在高等师范体育教育专业足球教学中进行激发与维持学生成就动机的实验研究,结果表明:实验班成绩优于对照班,且有显著性的差异,在足球教学中激发与维持学生的成就动机,可以有效地提高足球教学的效果和学生的足球成绩。
6) reforming and maintaining
塑造与维持
1.
These studies include variation of flow-sediment processes and the effects of flood processesr,elation between cross-section shapes and flood processest,he effect of regulation of flow-sediment processes on reforming and maintaining a medium-size channel of the lower Yellow River i,nfluence factors of reforming and maintaining a medium-size channel,etc.
笔者以维持黄河健康为目标,以改善黄河不协调的水沙关系为切入点,采用现场调研、实测资料分析、理论分析和水沙数学模型计算等技术手段,对黄河水沙过程变异与洪水过程的作用、黄河下游断面形态与洪水过程的响应关系、下游水沙过程调控对塑造与维持下游中水河槽的作用、塑造与维持中水河槽的影响因素等进行了系统研究,提出了塑造与维持黄河下游4000m3/s左右中水河槽的方案,为黄河下游河道的治理提供了科学依据。
补充资料：价格形成机制
jiage xingcheng jizhi
价格形成机制
mechanism of price formation
见价格机制。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条