Background:Adolescent—onset bilateral distal upper extremities muscular atrophy is an uncommon clinical entity,which includes Juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal upper extremity(JMADUE,also named Hirayama disease),Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D(CMT2D),and motor neuron disease(such as distal spinal muscular atrophy typeⅤ(dSMAV) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)).

Patients of benign monomelic amyotrophy of lower limb presented with amyotrophy confined to a single lower limb and characterized to be insidious onset,slow progression and later stabilization at least 3 years.

Preventive and therapeutic effects of proteasome inhibitor MG-132 on dener-vated muscle atrophy of rats;

Rabbit masseteric muscle atrophy resulting from triamcinolone for injection;

Objective To investigate the intervention of ciliary enurotrophic factors(CNTF)on weightlessness-induced muscle atrophy and its myofiber phenotype transition.

Purpose To study limb immobilization influencing on denervated muscle atrophy.

This paper reviews two main signaling pathways in order to introduce the key role of Akt in it,one is Akt1/FOXOs/MAFbx/MuRF1 signaling path- way which associated with muscle atrophy;the other is PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway which associated with muscle hypertrophy.

Methods: In order to establish the cell model of using GCs to cause the muscle atrophy,we examined the total protein of the C2C12 muscle tube which was fed with Dexamethasone(DEX,100 nMs) for 1 to 4 days using BCA method.

SMN gene diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy in children;

MRI features of neurogenic muscular atrophy;

Molecular diagnosis of puerile spinal muscular atrophy (with report of 10 cases);