For the problem of rule extraction in text categorization,a novel rule extraction approach to text categorization based on multi-population collaborative optimization was proposed.

Evolutionary design of RBF neural network based on multi-species cooperative particle swarm optimizer;

An improved multi-swarm cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm was presented to solve the proposed optimal power flow.

Secondly,it points out that sustainable development of virtual enterprise can be achieved by using gene recombinant technique based on strategy of multi-population co-evolution.