1) Calculating Numerical Pragmatic-Markedness Equivalence Value in Translation
语用标记等效值
2) Pragmatic-Markedness Equivalence Principle (PMEP)
语用标记等效原则
1.
Hou Guojin based upon Marked Theory and Nida s Functional Equivalence Principle (FEP) stipulates another principle, Pragmatic-Markedness Equivalence Principle (PMEP), which stands as a Secondary Principle of FEP, for here he instills Pragmatic Markedness into FEP in the formulation of his new principle.
“语用标记等效原则”(Pragmatic Markedness Equivalence Principle,下文简称PMEP)是侯国金博士从语用学角度发展传统的标记理论,根据美国翻译理论家奈达(1964)的“功能等效原则”发展而来的二级原则。
3) equating criteria
等值效标
1.
In the design,it first proves that there exists no significant difference between the two means, variances and distributions, then uses the equated result using random groups as the equating criteria to calculate the errors of equating in the three linear methods and compares them.
首先验证了两随机等组的平均数、方差和分布状态无显著差异，再用随机等组的等值分作为等值效标来检验其他等值方法的误差，然后比较了在铆测验设计中三种线性等值方法（在不同总体权重下）的误差值，以选出适合高中合考的等值方法及总体权重。
4) Pragmatic Markedness
语用标记
1.
Pragmatic Markedness Equivalence Principle——On New Development of Translation Theory;
语用标记等效原则——翻译理论新发展
2.
It begins with the discussion of markedness, followed by pragmatic markedness.
本文立足于传统的标记理论和奈达的‘等效原则’ ,提出“语用标记等效原则”(12条次则 )。
3.
In view of the undue scanty investigation so far to quantitative analysis in pragmatics, translating and translation, the Skopostheorie-based thesis ventures to reconstruct the traditional Equivalence Theory and deconstruct the Pragmatic Markedness Equivalence Principle, vintages of Nida and Hou Guojin respectively.
本文主要研究翻译过程的指导原则和译文评估的量化标准,旨在以功能学派的目的论为观照,通过改造经典的等效论和侯国金博士提出的语用标记等效翻译原则,建立、验证笔者提议的修正模型:基于目的论的语用标记等效翻译。
5) pragmatic markers
语用标记
1.
Speakers can use pragmatic markers not only to organize discourse, to attract hearers attention, but also to express speakers attitude and maintain discourse coherence.
语用标记在语言交际中起着重要的作用。
2.
This dissertation takes the corpus-based approach in its attempt to explain the historical development of Chinese pragmatic markers through the study of two specific cases: BUGUO不过and XKAN X看(NI/WOKAN), which both have developed to emerge and function as pragmatic markers from expressions of non-pragmatic origin.
本研究依托古代、现代汉语语料库,通过对“不过”与“X看”两个案的研究探讨了汉语语用标记的历史形成过程。
3.
(1) There is difference between the Chinese college English learners and the native speakers(NSs) on the use of pragmatic markers(PMs) for turn-claiming.
本研究采用中介语对比分析方法,以中国大学学习者英语口语语料库(COLSEC)中学生对话部分作为观察语料库,以美国口语语料库(CSAE)第一部分作为参照语料库,研究中国大学学习者英语口语语料库中用于获得话轮的语用标记词的主要特征。
6) pragmatic equivalence
语用等值
1.
On the Influence of Pragmatic Equivalence on Chinese Translation
论语用等值理论对我国译学的影响
2.
On the translation of Chinese menu from the perspective of pragmatic equivalence
语用等值视角下的中文菜单翻译
3.
This is what we called pragmatic equivalence in translation.
语用等值翻译即译者力求译文接近或等于原文的效果,既要注意具有明显民族文化特征的词语的翻译,也要注重对"言外之力"的理解与传达。
补充资料：语用
语用
pragmatics
yUyong语用(pr耀”atics)程序与使用者的关系。语用学是以语用为研究对象的学科。Ada语言中的编用，即其语用。它用于向编译程序传递信息。编用以保留字pragl飞a开头，后跟一标识符，这是该编用的名字。在语言文本的附件中描述语言定义的编用，Ada语言的每个实现都必须支持这些编用。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条