1) The Puzzledom of Substantial Justice
论实体正义的困境
2) The Dilemmas of Justice
正义的困境
3) Entity difficult
实体困境
4) dilemma on ontology
本体论困境
5) substantial justice
实体正义
1.
The justice includes substantial justice and procedural justice.
这种正义既表现为实体正义也表现为程序正义。
2.
Procedural justice and substantial justice are the two sides of the justice of the legal system.
程序正义和实体正义是司法公正的两个方面。
3.
This paper tries to explain the difficulties and uncertainties of substantial justice in the activities of proving the facts of the cases, defining the criteria facts, and reaching the verdicts at different phases in the process of justice.
文章试图从司法裁判过程的不同阶段,说明在证明案件事实、明确规范事实、得出个案法律结论的活动中,实体正义的困难和不确定性,得出实现实体正义的科学研究的理论前提;并指出实体正义与程序正义的一般关系和强化程序正义的必要性。
6) substantive justice
实体正义
1.
To Challenge the Conflict between Procedural Justice and Substantive Justice;
对程序正义与实体正义之冲突关系的质疑
2.
John Rawls divided the procedural justice into the perfected procedural justice and non-perfected justice and pure procedural justice in the book named on A Theory of Justice that was published in the 1971,and hold that pure procedural justice can decide the substantive justice of the result.
在1971年出版的《正义论》里,罗尔斯将程序正义分为:完善的程序正义、不完善的程序正义、纯粹的程序正义;并认为:纯粹的程序正义决定了结果的实体正义。
3.
Generally speaking, if there is no procedure justice, there is no substantive justice.
在一般情况之下,如果没有程序正义,就很难实现实体正义。
补充资料:困境
囚徒困境的故事讲的是,两个嫌疑犯作案后被警察抓住,分别关在不同的屋子里接受审讯。警察知道两人有罪,但缺乏足够的证据。警察告诉每个人:如果两人都抵赖,各判刑一年;如果两人都坦白,各判八年;如果两人中一个坦白而另一个抵赖,坦白的放出去,抵赖的判十年。于是,每个囚徒都面临两种选择:坦白或抵赖。然而,不管同伙选择什么,每个囚徒的最优选择是坦白:如果同伙抵赖、自己坦白的话被放出去,不坦白的话判一年,坦白比不坦白好;如果同伙坦白、自己坦白的话判八年,不坦白的话判十年,坦白还是比不坦白好。结果,两个嫌疑犯都选择坦白,各判刑八年。如果两人都抵赖,各判一年,显然这个结果好。但这个帕累托改进办不到,因为它不能满足人类的理性要求。囚徒困境所反映出的深刻问题是,人类的个人理性有时能导致集体的非理性%26#8212;%26#8212;聪明的人类会因自己的聪明而作茧自缚。
说明:补充资料仅用于学习参考,请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条