We consider the character of surplus and drive a theorem with ruin probability and obtain a inequality.

The recursive expressions of the joint distribution of surplus before and at bankruptcy and the maximum surplus before bankruptcy are obtained.

In compound binomial risk model,a martingale method is used to compute the distributions of the first and last time of the surplus process at a given level.

In the model, equity value is an increasing function of earnings, its relationship with book values depends on the firm s operation efficiency.

So we assume that the relation of unexpected earnings and unexpected stock returns is nonlinear.

Based on a data set of up to 1,232 announcements, we find that unexpected earnings, proxied by earnings changes, are positively related to abnormal returns, which shows that earnings a.

7984 hm2 per capita,the ecological surplus is 0.

For a lot of ecological surplus was left, we should exploit the left in time.

Impact of assets depreciation reserves on earnings management——based on northeast expressway;

Positive study on internal governance and earnings management of Chinese listed companies;

Chinese investors identification of different earnings management strategies;

By analyzing two priority networks surplus function mathematical model,the cross-price elasticity that isn t zero priority system prices and the supply network relations was discussed and the best supply distribution was made.