The basic concept of oddment tactic is presented,designs oddment allocation models by mathematical programming,describes the selection method of oddment operation,and determines the reasonable benefit allocation mechanism of oddment tactic by using Shapley Value.

This paper introduces oddment tactic,presents the optimal oddment allocation method for minus oddment operation and the one for plus oddment operation when inventory transfer among retailers is permitted "or not",proves the equivalence between backorder-optimal oddment allocation and inventory-optimal one, and discusses the application method of oddment tactic.

Zero Defect: the Ideality and Goal of Quality Management in Higher Vocational Education;

Finally,by nu- merical experiments,we analyze the impacts of sore factors on the seller s optimal strategies and obtain that the shortage strategy can obviously improve the seller s expected profit .