1) wuwei yu youwei
无为与有为
2) activity in repose
无为而有为
3) taking nil as existence
以无为有
1.
To investigate the creation of classical poetry from the macroscopic angle, the aesthetic intension of "taking nil as existence" is not confined to "no wrds but meaning implied" on the relation of words and ideas.
从宏观的视角来考察,古典诗歌创作"以无为有"的审美内涵并不局限于言、意关系上的"无辞有意",其审美范型主要表现在三个方面:"无言而妙"、"无迹而神"和"无理愈佳"。
4) non-action by the upper class and action by the lower classes
上无为而下有为
1.
Given the overall content of Zhuang Zi,the idea of "non-action by the upper class and action by the lower classes" in the book can be judged to have come from other schools of thought including Confucianism and Legalism and is contrary to Zhuang Zhou s thinking.
从《庄子》全书的总体内容看,"上无为而下有为"是夹杂于其中的其他流派的思想——儒家甚至法家的南面术,与庄子思想格格不入。
5) conditioned existence and unconditioned existence
有为法和无为法
1.
This article focuses on Vimalakirtinirdesa s philosophic logic to unite the conditioned existence and unconditioned existence which is aliened in hinayana buddhism by the non-dual samutaa dharma-gate according to the main materials of Vimalakirtinirdesa and its explanation by Sunzhao.
根据《维摩诘经》和僧肇的注释中阐释小乘佛教的基本概念———有为法和无为法的内容 ,具体分析了《维摩诘经》以不二法门精神会通小乘佛教所区隔的有为法和无为法的基本思路。
6) "If non-being turns into being, being becomes non-being."
无为有处有还无.
补充资料:无为与有为
中国哲学的一对范畴。老子最先提出"无为而无不为"的命题,以说明自然与人为的辩证关系。他说"道常无为而无不为",认为道作为宇宙本体自然而然地生成天地万物,就其自然而然来说,称之"无为";就其生成万物来说,又称之"无不为"。人的行为应当效法大道,顺应自然,遵循规律,不要随意妄为,这是人的"无为"。否则"为者败之,执者失之"。他建议执政者奉行"我无为而民自化,我好静而民自正,我无事而民自富,我无欲而民自朴"的政策,提倡"无为而治"。老子的无为思想过于排斥有为,忽视了人的主观能动性。庄子发展了老子消极无为的思想,主张"无为名尸,无为谋府,无为事任,无为知主",去名去谋,无事无知,弃绝有为,由全生保身进入物我两忘、超越生死、与万物为一的境界。战国中后期,一些思想家提出君道无为、臣道有为的思想,《申子·大体》篇说:"善为主者,......示天下无为","君,知其道也;官人,知其事也。十言十当,百为百当者,人臣之事,非人君之道也。"《吕氏春秋·任数》说:"因者,君术也;为者,臣道也,......君道无知无为,而贤于有知有为,则得之矣。"西汉《淮南子》对无为作了新的解释,说"所谓无为者,不先物为也;所谓无不为者,因物之所为",反对离道而妄为,要求"循理而举事",因自然之势加以主观努力而有所作为,对消极无为的思想有所克服。儒家一般主张有为、救世,认为圣王行德治教化于天下,就可达到"无为而治"的境界。他们对于无为和有为的见解不同于道家。
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