1) upstream/downstream
上游/下游
3) up-down stream
上下游
1.
A collaboration planning model (CPM) for co-ordination of supply chain (SC) is established by the sharing of information, which is based on up-down stream planning models.
基于供需链上下游计划模型 ,通过计划共享 ,给出了上下游供需合作计划模型。
4) industry-segment
上、中、下游
5) the upper [lower, middle] reaches (of a river)
上[下， 中]游
6) upstream and downstream firms
上下游企业
1.
This paper builds models to analyze the input and income of technological innovation of the upstream and downstream firms in a supply chain,and also analyzes the output volume,the sales price and the consumers surplus of them.
文章基于对①供应链上下游企业都不开展技术创新;②下游企业单独开展技术创新;③上游企业单独开展技术创新;④上下游企业都开展技术创新这四种情况的模型进行了求解与分析,比较了这四种情况下,供应链上下游企业技术创新的投入与收益、以及产品产量、销售价格和消费者剩余,得出了单独上游企业的技术创新比单独下游企业的技术创新能够给上下游企业带来更多的收益,也能给消费者带来更多的剩余,而上下游企业都开展技术创新带来的上下游企业收益和消费者剩余都是最多的。
2.
The horizontal merger in the upstream and downstream firms in an industry is discussed in this paper.
本文研究同行业中上下游企业的横向兼并策略。
3.
This paper classifies the technological innovation of upstream and downstream firms into four cases: Ⅰ)neither upstream nor downstream firm makes any technological innovation;Ⅱ)only downstream firm makes technological innovation;Ⅲ)only upstream firm makes technological innovation;Ⅳ)both upstream and downstream firm make technological innovation.
将上下游企业的技术创新分成4种类型:上下游企业都不开展技术创新、下游企业单独开展技术创新、上游企业单独开展技术创新和上下游企业都开展技术创新。
补充资料：中线法堆坝的下游坡
中线法堆坝的下游坡
中线法堆坝的下游坡
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条