The experimental method to measure constraint factor in cracked bodies was presented.

In the paper the confinement factor for square-power gain-guiding optical fibers is focused on while the optical wave being guided in gain and refraction,the form of the fields is given at first for the new type of optical fiber,then the expressions of confinement factor is obtained from Poynting s theorem,o.

Based on the rotational addition theorems for spheri- cal vector wave functions(SVWFs)and the computation approach of localized approximation,the extended beam-shape coefficients(EBSCs)of the Gaussian beam with arbitrary incident angle were expanded and calculated.