The relationship of the characteristic of lampbeing conducted and its instantaneous phase;

With the high illumination, high voltage, and short lift cycle, taxi and landing lights on airplane are different from common incandescent lamps, leading to different design method.

Based on the heat balance equation and thermal radioluminescence characteristics of incandescent lamp, the equation of luminous flux of lamp that can express the impact of interharmonic is established and an improved flickermeter model is proposed.

This article describes the status quo that the governments, institutions and enterprises ban the incandescent lamps, describes the ban schedule and the ban standard of incandescent lamps in some major countries, and gives some general proposals to the incandescent enterprises about the future development .