With the generation/control technology of plasma applied to the sputtering system,the problems of low utilization ratio of target material in magnetron sputterintg and difficult deposition of ferromagnetic materials were solved.

From the point of view of atom economy an effective atom utilization AUe, in which the consumed energy in the chemical process is accounted in the form of equivalent carbon amount, was proposed to more completely scale the atom economy level of the process.

A study on the physiological properties of root systems in various wheat varieties and the effects of their phosphorus uptake and utilization efficiency on the yields;

Apraisal about the utilization efficiency of sports resource in colleges and universities;

Analysis on Utilization Efficiency of Agricultural Water Resource in China s Central and Western Regions;