The ecological optimum performance of a endoreversible quantum Carnot refrigerator is found,and heat transfer law of the refrigerator is discussed.

Based on general heat-transfer law q∝ΔTn,when heat resistance,heat leak and other irreversible factors were considered,the optimal performance of irreversible canot heat engines was studied.

Based on a relatively general heat-transfer law q ∝ △(Tn), the effect of heat resistance and heat leak on the optimal performance of heat pumps was studied in this paper.

A Vigorous Probe into the Basic Law and Effective Ways in Ideological Work under New Situation;

Based on a great quantity of domestic and foreign data, this paper summarizes the experience of predecessors in developing conventional heavy oil reservoirs, studies the basic law of water flooding in such reservoirs, and is helpful for improving water flooding effectiveness.

In this paper, based on analysis of relationship among internal components and between internal and external components, the basic law of urban underground space development is investigated and summed up.

Research into basic laws at systematic angle of view on basketball;

The basic laws are mainly as follows: the truth emerged,and is examined and developed on the basis of practice;it exists and develops in its contradictory movement;relative truth is transformed into absolute truth as the truth exists and develops;truth and falsehood exist by comparison and are promoted by struggling.