However,writing teaching of elementary and intermediate stage of preparatory course is characteristic of its own.

According to the purpose of teaching, English curriculum for minority nationality students of the preparatory course in colleges and universities should proceed from the actual condition of the students themselves and put the rudimentary knowledge of the students and their ability in actual communication in the first place.

Solutions to Testing Methods in the Department of Preparatory Training Courses of the Central University of Nationalities;

An Investigation and Analysis of Chinese Learning of Students of Department of Preparatory Training Courses of CUN;

In education of preparatory training courses of ethnic universities and colleges,emphasis should be attached to orientation and setting goals for English teaching.

Though there is still a long way to go for the reform of quality oriented mathematics education at middle schools, college students of preparatory training courses, especially the arts students, need an immediate transfer from "exam oriented education" to "quality oriented education", which calls for changes in educational views, teaching methods and teaching contents.

Through introducing the basic ideas of constructivism and analyzing its application and inspirations on preparatory training courses teaching, we can enhance the level of mathematics teaching in preparatory training courses.

Meanwhile, an early warning system of the risk of grain yield is built up and the risk degrees are forecasted by Markov forecasting method.