1) punishment by reciprocity
对应性惩罚
2) subject to criminal punishment
应受惩罚性
3) criminal punishableness
应受刑罚惩罚性
1.
Is there any dependable standard for the state to impose criminal penalties to punish some kinds of actions(criminalization) and to let some other kinds of actions not to be punished(decriminalization)? How to ensure the freedom of citizens not to be infringed unjustly because of this kind of imposition(overcriminalization)? How to define or identify the criminal punishableness of a behavior, i.
国家用刑罚惩罚什么行为(犯罪化)和让什么行为不受惩罚(非犯罪化)以及如何保证公民自由不会因为这种刑罚惩罚而受到不当侵犯(过犯罪化)有什么可靠的标准吗?犯罪,作为应受刑罚惩罚的行为,其应受刑罚惩罚性或者说刑罚的界限到底如何理解和界定? 这些问题,关系到公民自由的范围与基本人权的保障。
4) symmetry punishment factor
对称性惩罚因子
1.
Because this method with a symmetry punishment factor makes better use of the information in differentiating grades, the results of its decision are more reasonable than those of other methods.
该方法运用对称性惩罚因子使等级划分中的信息得到比较充分的利用,最终的决策结果也更趋于合理。
5) non-contingent punishment
非应变性惩罚
6) punishing effect
惩罚效应
补充资料:外源性变应性肺泡炎
外源性变应性肺泡炎
又称"变应性肺泡炎"、"职业性哮喘"、"过敏性肺炎"。吸入有机粉尘引起的一类肺部变应性疾病。有机粉尘包括植物性(如嗜热菌孢子、枯草杆菌等)和动物性(如动物蛋白、垂体素粉剂等),都可作为抗原性物质,通过吸入肺部引起致纤维性肺泡和间质的炎症病变。临床可表现有发热、畏寒、乏力、全射肌肉酸痛、刺激性干咳、胸部紧迫感;有时可出现类似支气管哮喘发作的症状。免疫学检查,90%的患者血清内有IgE。糖皮质激素对本病有较好的疗效。晚期可发展为弥漫性肺间质纤维化,甚至"蜂窝肺"。
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参考词条