Energy saving potential of upper openings in large space buildings;

Using the results of previous CFD simulation and site measurement, analyses the indoor thermal environment characteristics in different nozzle modes and upper opening height, upper and lower opening areas,supply air velocity through upper openings and indoor heat gain under upper-side supply conditions.

The shortcoming of top valve housing for standard type oil well pump plunger is wear and rupture of oil flow pore wall.

Comparison of indoor thermal environment in the large space building with upper-wall openings and ceiling openings;