Methods Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to detect the mutation hot spot regions of EXT1 and EXT2 gene, while restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to screen the mutation.

A novel superimposed phase selector aiming at improving the performance of phase selector in the event of a wide range change of power system operation mode is presented.

In order to overcome the defects in the conventional superimposed distance protection, for instance, the mal-operation resulting from an external earth fault occurring while the transmission system operates at large power angle, a novel self-adaptive superimposed distance protection scheme is proposed.

A novel fault phase selector by fault component of compensation voltage based on traveling wave is presented for high-speed protection.

The fault component principle is widely used in power system protective relaying since it has lots of advantages.

This method carries on the comparison between the maximal virtual value of current mutational volume which is chosen in the two sides of transmission line,and the virtual value of differential current mutational volume,to distinguish internal fault from external fault.