1) barrel culvert
筒形涵洞
2) box culvert
箱形涵洞
3) arch-type culvert
拱形涵洞
4) ladder culvert
阶梯形涵洞
1.
The length calculation method of ladder culvert;
阶梯形涵洞长度计算方法
5) arch culvert
拱形涵洞<林>
6) rectangular trench-buried culverts
矩形沟埋涵洞
1.
Experimental and theoretical study on earth pressure on top of rectangular trench-buried culverts;
矩形沟埋涵洞顶部垂直土压力试验和理论研究
2.
Under the condition of rigid culverts and rigid subgrade, the vertical earth pressure on the top of rectangular trench-buried culverts was analyzed theoretically, and a new model and formulae to evaluate the earth pressure are proposed with the consideration of the effect of soil mass beside culverts.
在刚性涵洞和刚性地基条件下,考虑矩形沟埋涵洞胸腔土体的变形和承载作用,建立矩形沟埋涵洞土压力计算模型和计算公式,理论计算与有限元计算结果相吻合。
补充资料：筒形执壶
清代杨彭年制，高９厘米。２０００年文物艺术品拍卖会上所拍的几把紫砂壶，价位在２万左右，作者的名气远不及杨彭年。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
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