To explore the role of emodin on increase in i and TNF-á production in normal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat perit oneal macrophages (PM ), TNF- production was determined using TNF- -sensitive L929 cell line and by MTT method and the kinetics of intracellular free Ca 2+ con-centration ( i ) in a single cell were monitored continuously by confocal laser scanning microscope.

Based on modern translation theory, this present article briefly describes the importance of "diction and meaning transfiguration" in the course of C-E/E-C translation with abundant illustrations.

The development can usually be divided into four stages:testing words,confirm the literal function of the words,getting the experience of literal creation with the words and over-studying the literal form.