When system loads are close to the spread factor, joint detection cann t reach the need of system performance because of a SNR degradation.

Chemical signals may operate on any of five levels of increasing complexity that correspond to cells, organs, organisms, groups and communities.

In order to effectively control traffic flow,and synchronously optimize phase,period and green time at intersection,cell transmission model(CTM)and bi-level programming method were studied,and a signal optimization method was proposed.

Integrins and cytoskeleton play important role in the conversion of mechanical signals into intracellular biochemical signals followed by physiological or pathological responses.