With the assumption that virtues and auditory-visual knowledge represent virtue rationality and knowledge rationality respectively, this thesis focuses on the three disputes over the relationship between virtues and auditory-visual knowledge in Li Xue, a school Confucian philosophy during the Song and Ming dynasties, and attempts to .

Some scholars think China ancient times the Neo-Confucianism "knowledge one sees and hears" and "the morality one knews" are equal to "the perception knowledge " and "the rational knowledge" in the western philosophy.