According to the studies of CHEN Tie_min(1938—),a famous specialist who researched the poems of Tang Dynasty,most of the landscapes which are described in Wangchuan Painting and Wangchuan Poetry Anthology are not in the "Wangchuan villa" which belonged to WANG Wei(701—761),a great poet and painter of Tang Dynasty.

With classical villa developing into secular Ming-Qing dynasty private garden, the regulations of garden imitating painting had become the principle of garden making.

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At this time, there were three branches of mountains-and-waters culture: The pastoral poetry based on recluse culture; The mountains-and-waters poetry based on travel culture; The villa literature based on aristocratic culture.