1) "Official governance-Self-government" Dual-track System
"官治-自治"双轨制
2) self-government by amateur official
民官自治
1.
The local governance in early medieval England,which embodies the characteristic of the self-government,is dif-ferent from the official governance in feudal China,This self-government morphology can be termed as local self-gov-ernment by royal command ,which consists of official-civil governance and self-government by amateur official .
这一自治特性分别表现为“官民合治”与“民官自治”。
3) Autonomy of village officer
村官自治
1.
"Autonomy of village officers" is that the right is not under the control of the villagers,but village officer.
农村能人尤其是村干部在村庄公共权力体系中居于支配地位,控制着村民自治的实际运作过程,于是在很多地方村民自治遗憾的异化为“村官自治”。
4) constabulary system
治安官制度
1.
This thesis studies the constabulary system of England in the late middle ages.
本文研究的是中世纪末期英格兰的治安官制度。
5) manage the officials
治官
1.
That the emphases of both "manage the country by law" and "manage the country by morality" should be "manage the officials" is decided by the whole benefits of rule ranks and the special position of the officials, special occupation moral ect.
依法治国和以德治国的重点都应当是“治官” ,这是由阶级整体意志和官员的特殊地位、特殊职业道德等决定的 ,也是“治众服人”的前提和基础。
6) official government
官治
1.
There are three principal contradictions in the course such as self-government and official government, self-government and government by law, self-governed main body and self-governed organization.
在这一过程中,存在着自治与官治、自治与法治、自治主体与自治组织三大主要矛盾,影响了村民自治的有效运作和农村的社会稳定。
补充资料：双轨制
1.指两个系统并行的制度。
说明：补充资料仅用于学习参考，请勿用于其它任何用途。
参考词条