With fast changes of political situations in the second half of 19 century, Shandong Tuan' lien, which appeared to resist Taiping Army at the very beginning, experienced springing up, flourishing, declining, rebounding, flourishing again, declining again, until it was changed into police and finally went out of history stage.

Impact of Sea Discharge of Pollutants by Shandong Haihua Group on Marine Environment and the Countermeasures of Prevention and Control;