The bi-level programming model was used to describe the problem,and the upper model considered the point of view of the transportation planner,in order to design the optimal network structure and achieve system optimal based on the restriction of budget,the lower model considered the user of the network and in order to attain the user optimal.

In order to reduce traffic congestion and improve road network efficiency,a bi-level programming model of route traffic information guidance was set up.

To decrease the amount of calculation, a bi-level programming model based on link travel time reliability was set up for road network capacity reliability through analyzing the concept of road network capacity reliability.

Then,the urban transport network design model under reliability constraint was designed;in this bilevel programming model,the upper model pursued system impedance minimum under investment constraint,the lower model made network reserve capacity maximum with reliability and user equilibrium constraint,and a chaotic heuristic algorithm was presented to solving this problem whic.

The essay applied bilevel programming model to build up congestion pricing model under the assumption that travel cost only relates to travel time.

The Stackelberg game theory is proposed to establish the Stackelberg bilevel programming model of traffic guidance and control.

Based on the analysis of the impact of airport access cost to the departing air travelers\' choice behavior by using discrete choice theory,A bi-level programming model is proposed to describe the problem of air travelers\' access mode choice,which considers the benefit of both traffic system and air travelers,and the sensitivity analysis method is applied to solve the model.