So the linear programming method for the estimation of GM(1, 1) model parameter is given in minimization average relative error criterion or minimization maximum relative error criterion, respectively, and the calculation results are compared with different minimization criteria by practical examples.

So the linear programming method for the estimation of GM(1, 1) model parameter is given in minimization average relative error criterion or minimization maximum relative error criterion, respectively, and the calculation results are compared with different minimization criteria by practical examples.

Two relative error criteria for simple order statistic filters (Ranked-order statistic filters) are defined, and optimum estimation based on the error criteria is obtained.

Based on the absolute and relative error criteria and the different types of morms,six methods of combining forecasts are described in detail and a united linear programming solving method is given by authors.

The Hazard and It's Correcting Methods of Alignment Error between Tool-tip and Spindle Center of NC Lathe;

Observability and alignment error analysis for rapid transfer alignment of inertial navigation system;

Analysis of system servo following error caused by alignment error of ESG;