Surface morphology,x-ray diffraction rocking curve and photoluminescence measurements show that the quality of materials is obviously improved by using digital graded superlattice at the InAlAs/InGaAs heterointerfaces.

Separation and purifying andrographolide by supercritical carbon dioxide gradient crystallization were made.

Effects of landscape composition,structure and gradient pattern on plant diversity.;

By selecting the South-North line from urban central district to Baoshan district of Shanghai, and collecting housing price data along the line where both the second-hand houses and newly developed houses are located inside the inner ring, between the inner ring and the middle ring, between the middle ring and the outer ring, outside the outer ring, the authors analyze the price gradients.