The dumbbell-shape compounds, quaternary ammonium salts(3) of 4,4′-bipyridines bridged 2,2′-bipyridine in yields of about 90%, were synthesized by solid grinding at room temperature from quaternary ammonium salts(2) of N-substituted 4,4′-bipyridine which were prepared via the reaction of 4,4′-bipyridine and tosylate(or benzyl bromide) containing stopper in yields of 60%~90%.

Molecular shuttle locate foreland research field in organic chemistry, they are composed of one cyclic compound and a dumbbell-shaped compound.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Azo Compound with 'Dumbbell Shape';