Although a few examples on the cross-couplings between two different aryl halides have been disclosed, the catalytic cross-couplings of only aryl iodides are rarely reported because enhancing the reaction selectivity on the formation of unsymmetrical products is not easy using the current systems.

Palladium-catalyzed arylation of acrylamide with aryl iodides in water;

Palladium——catalyzed arylation of butyl acrylate with aryl iodides in water;