The Bilingual Application of the Earlier Manchu as is Evidenced by the Qing Language Primer;

Through the comparative study of cultural enlightenment and cultural development thread of two different social elements between golf and chui-wan,this article conducted an objective evaluation under the development results of two games in different social cultural tracks,provided a theoretical basis for us to understand the historical development of golf and chui-wan correctly.

And the deep cultural enlightenment influences the building of harmonious culture in a directly realistic way,and it is of great and realistic significance to the formation of common ideologies and moralities and harmonious atmosphere throughout the society and the formation of the thoughts of harmonious culture among common citizens.

There has been a missing gap in researching women’s literary enlightenment education in Ming and Qing dynasties, so this essay discusses the implemental methods, aims, contents, and effects of women’s literary enlightenment education in Ming and Qing dynasties.

For this reason, few researchers have paid due attention to the generation of modern literary current in China as they have neglected the fact that Chinese literary enlightenment has rather great influence and restraint in the modern literary current.

In the 20th century China, there are two-time vigorous growth about contemporary enlightenment literature: Revolutionary period of literature in " the May Fourth Movement", and new period in the 1980s.

Arte China of Portuguese Missionary J. A. Gonsalves and Chinese Grammar of Russian Sinologist N. J. Bichurin