1)  redundancy of official8
冗官
2)  reducing the redundant officials
裁革冗官
1.
With the increasing quantity of the government officials, the national public financial expenditure augmented as well since the middle Ming Dynasty, hence reducing the redundant officials became the continuously topic for discussion in the national political life.
明朝中叶以后,由于官员数量渐增,国家财政开支加大,裁革冗官成为此后政治生活中不断议行的内容。
3)  malpractice of redundant officials
冗官之弊
补充资料:裁革
1.裁汰革除。
说明:补充资料仅用于学习参考,请勿用于其它任何用途。