This paper attempts to compare Chinese and Japanese expressions of politeness as manifested in (1) Greetings and farewells; (2) Gratitude and apologies; (3) Forms of address.

The owing and farewell of the city "right wing" authors whose political identity are negatively displayed the revolutionary intellectual s antinomy between identifying village cultureon non-politics connotation and realizing self-value,and the identifying with abandoning was comprised their endeavor to localize their class and cultural identity.

I d Rather Suffer from Emptiness than Own Your Heart-Interpreting Lu Xun s Farewell from the Shadow;